Lubricant and method of making the same



Patented May 10, 1938 Harry T. Bennett and Clare Prather, Tulsa, Okla.,

assignors to Mid-Continent Petroleum Corporation, Tulsa. Okla a corporation of Delaware No Drawing. Original. application February 4, 1935, Serial No. 4,874. Divided and this application September 13, 1935, Serial No. 40,396

7 Claims. This'invention relates to lubricants and methods of making the same, and morespeciflcally to v lubricants adapted to withstand high pressures.

This application is a division of an application for patent on Lubricants and methods of making the same, filed by us on February 4, ,1935, Serial No. 4,874, Pat. No. 2,094,202, issued Sept.

In the construction of modern automobiles having low centers of gravities, it has been found necessary to greatly reduce the size of the differential gears at the rear axle, so as to obtain a satisfactory ground clearance. At the same time,

due to the demand for increased acceleration.

speed, and hill-climbing ability, the horse' powers of the engines have been very greatly increased. The reduction of the size of the gears, and the increase in horse power has greatly increased the pressure at the gears. This pressure has been increased to such an extent that the oil film between the meshing teeth of the gears is ruptured when the straight mineral lubricating oils are employed. 'I'h extremely high pressure and lack of adequate lubricating results in rapid wearing and severe stresses due to-the intense friction at the contacting faces of the gearteeth. One of the objects of this inventiomtherefore, is to produce a lubricant, which has excellent lubricating properties when subjected to high pressures between the surfaces to be lubricated.

A lubricant adapted to withstand high pres-' sure may be produced by blending a sulphurized saponifiable oil, such as animal, or vegetable,' oil, with a mineral oil.

Such a lubricant; however, hasno't proven satisfactory as a relatively large quantity of the saponiflable oil has been required to produce the desired result. Most animal oils havea high pour test which raises the pour test of the ultimate blend. Moreover, sulphurized animal and vegetable oils polymerize and oxidize to form viscous and rubber-like materials harmful to'lubrication. These eflectsare in proportion to the amount of animal and vegetable oils employed in the; blend.

We have found that the addition of orthohydroxy diphenyl to a mineral oil will produce a lubricant having the; property of withstanding high pressures. This blend, while satisfactory for many uses, can be improved by the addition of a small quantity of saponifiable oil.

More specifically stated, a lubricant having excellent lubricating properties at extremely high pressurescan be produced by blending a mineral lubricating oil with orthohydroxy diphenyl and a vegetable or animal oil.

Nine per cent of a saponifiable oil, for example, sulphurized fatty oil, in mineral lubricating oil will meet extreme pressure specifications.

However, this large percentage of the saponifiable oil will greatly increase the pour test.

Five per cent of orthohydroxy diphenyl in mineral oil, without the addition of any saponiflable oil,resulted in a blend that withstood high pressure, and the hydroxy diphenyl did not affect the pour point of the oil.

However, better results can be obtained from a blend containing a smaller percentage of orthohydroxy diphenyl and a small quantity of saponifiable oil. A blend of this kind will withstand high pressures, and the small quantities of saponifiable oil and orthohydroxy diphenyl will not result in an objectionable pour point. I

The results of some of the tests using the mineral oil alone, and also with saponifiable oil and orthohydroxy diphenyl, appear as follows:

'Iest l Test 2 Test a Percentage of bright stock... 93 96% Percentage of ,sulphurlred fatty oil 7 2' Percentage 01 orthohydroxy diphenyl 1% A. S. T. M. pour point 0 F 20 F 7 0 F.

'llmken test Stood Stood Stood 5 lbs. 40 lbs. 40 s.

' Failed Failed Failed at 10 at 45 at 45 lbs. lbs. lbs.

The bright stock referred to above is a petroleum lubricatin oil having a viscosity of 112 at 210 F.

To provide for extreme pressures: it may be desirable to blend in the mineral oil as much as 25 per cent of the sulphurized base, depending upon the kind of sulphurized base employed. The.

proportions of, orthohydroxy diphenyl can likewise be varied within wide limits to meet diilerent requirements.

In the preferred form of'the invention, we employ:

Per cent Ortho-hydroxy diphenylQ 1 to Sulphurized animal or sulphurized vegetable oil. (Saponiflable oil) 1 to 25 Mineral oil -4 '10 to 98 The hydroxy diphenyl herein referred to is ortho-hydro'xy diphenyl. For example: Per cent Ortho-hydroxy. diphenyl 1.5

sulphurized animal oil or sulphurized base Q vegetable oil (saponiflable oil) 2.0 Mineral nil I 96.5

gave satisfactory results. .J

The primary object is to produce an extremepressure lubricant for gears but the composition could be used in many types of lubrication,

such as crankcase oils, spindle oils, etc., andcould also be incorporated into the semi-fluid lubricants commonly known asgreases. For the crankcase oil and other special uses the brthohydroxy diphenyl alone withthe mineral oil is satisfactory, without the addition of a saponiflable oill when ortho-hydroxy diphenyl alone is employed, more than one per cent thereof a should be used, as we have found that the addition of a smaller quantity, such as 0.5 per cent to a mineral oil failed to show any improvement in film strength.

Instead of containing sulphur, the saponifiableoil may contain combined chlorine or phosphorus, or combinations of sulphur, chlorine or phosphorus compounds, each of which is a non-metallic element.

One of the advantages of the ortho-hydroxy diphenyl is that it either makes the use of the animal or vegetable oil unnecessary, orreduces the quantity required.

We claim:

1. A lubricant adapted to withstand high pressures comprising a mineral lubricating oil containing more than one per cent of ortho-hydroxy phenyl. a

2. A lubricant adapted to withstand high pressures comprising a mineral lubricating oil containing 1 per cent to 5 per cent ortho-hydroxy diphenyl. r

3. A lubricant adapted to withstand high pressures comprising a mineral lubricating oil con-- taining 1 per cent to 5 per cent of ortho-hydroxy diphenyl, and 1 to 15 per cent of saponiflable oil.

4. A lubricant adapted to withstand high pressures comprising a mineral lubricating oil containing more than one per cent of ortho-hydroxy diphenyl and a saponiflable oil.

5. A lubricant adapted to withstand high pressures comprising a mineral lubricating oil containing more than one per cent of ortho-hydroxy diphenyl and a saponifiable oil in the group consisting of animal and vegetable oils:

6. A lubricant comprising a mineral lubricating oil; more than one per cent of ortho-hydroxy diphenyl, and a saponiflable oil containing an element in the group consisting of sulphur, chlorine and phosphorus.

7 A lubricant adapted to withstand high pressures comprising a mineral lubricating oilcontaining 1 per cent to 5 per cent of ortho-hydroxy diphenyl, and 1 to 15 per cent of saponiflable oil in the group consisting of animal and vegetable oils containing an element in the group consisting of sulphur, chlorine and phosphorus.

HARRY T. BENNETT. -CLARE PRATHER. 

